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81.
A multi-modal approach is proposed to evaluate the usability of Adaptive Visual Stimuli for User Interface (AVS4UI) of remote operation systems. This study focuses on the evaluation of AVS4UI for forklift work because the operation complexity includes driving and cargo handling, which typically requires multiple salient attention. Presenting this amount of information simultaneously on a User Interface (UI) tends to cause confusions to operators and reduces operation efficiency. AVS4UI can therefore be one of the promising solutions where the optimal visual stimuli are autonomously presented for different work conditions. However, evaluation of AVS4UI is challenging because operators may be disoriented by adaptive information and worked without safety considerations. Therefore, novel gaze metrics are proposed to evaluate responses of forklift operators to AVS4UI so that undesired behavior can be evaluated. The proposed metrics implicitly represent gaze pattern in terms of transition and distribution between UI elements, operation safety, and familiarity with the adaptive system. The ideal AVS4UI is expected to minimize the proposed gaze metrics and outperform the non-adaptive UI. More importantly, the results of these metrics are consistent with those of perceived workload defined by NASA-Task Load Index. We also propose a correlation model using stepwise linear regression that provides reasonable estimation of perceived workload. Such novel metrics and correlation model enable objective and online evaluation to minimize biases of subjective response. Therefore, online work support system can be developed to support workers. 相似文献
82.
为了探究结晶器电磁搅拌(M EMS)对大圆坯结晶器内综合冶金行为的影响。以大断面圆坯连铸结晶器冶金行为为研究对象,基于电磁热流体与凝固传输理论建立三维耦合数值模型。揭示大圆坯连铸常用五孔水口浇注条件下结晶器内电磁场、流场、传热与凝固等综合冶金行为,提出电磁搅拌对结晶器冶金性能影响的多参量评价方法。以中碳铬钼齿轮钢650 mm大圆坯连铸为例,指出结晶器电磁搅拌存在最佳搅拌电流,可获得相对较好的综合冶金效果。具体表现为弯月面保持一定的切向速度和过热度,有利于保护渣的熔化和夹杂物的上浮去除;液面波动幅度在控制范围内,可避免卷渣、改善表面质量;结晶器内钢液过热得到有效耗散,有利于等轴晶形核改善铸坯内部质量;侧孔出流钢液速度得到有效控制,可抑制注流对初凝坯壳的冲刷,提高了初生坯壳生长的均匀性。此外,电磁搅拌产生的水平旋流强度也可得到有效控制,有利于避免常见的皮下白亮带现象。 相似文献
83.
Jinglin Tan Jufang Shao Cuiping Tian Zhiman Liao Ping Yan 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2019,22(1):125-130
The effect of sodium halide on aggregation behavior of four cationic silicone surfactants, Si3mamCl, Si4mamCl, Si4PyCl, and Si4minCl, in solution was investigated using surface tension and conductivity measurements. The ability of sodium halide (NaCl, NaBr, and NaI) to reduce critical micelle concentration (CMC) values was in the order NaI > NaBr > NaCl. However, the γCMC values of the cationic silicone surfactants, Si4mamCl, Si4PyCl and Si4minCl, in sodium halide solution are almost the same as those of the salt-free system. The values of and are negative, indicating that the micellization process and adsorption of the four cationic silicone surfactants at the air-solution interface are spontaneous. 相似文献
84.
《Ceramics International》2020,46(13):21097-21106
In this work, the NiTi alloy was oxynitrided in a fluidized bed reactor to attain an in-situ TiN-TiO2 protective composite layer. Samples were treated at 540 ± 10 °C for various holding times ranging between 0 h and 8 h. Microstructural evolution on the surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, hardness test, electrochemical behavior, Ni ion release, and bioactivity. Quantitative phase analysis from X-ray diffraction pattern of the treated sample for 8 h showed that TiN (71.3%) and TiO2 (23.0%) were dominant phases on surface. Hardness results revealed as the oxynitriding time increased from 0 h to 8 h, hardness values increased from 263.4 HV0.1 to 1227.4 HV0.1. Scanning electron microscopy observation and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping micrographs showed that the grown of TiN with dendritic branches was hindered by Ni-rich regions. Electrochemical measurements using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed corrosion resistance of the oxynitrided samples was increased by ~170% from 173.3 kΩ cm2 for the bare NiTi alloy to 473.1 kΩ cm2 for the treated NiTi sample for 8 h. It was found that concentration of the released Ni ions decreased from 0.070 (bare NiTi) mg/l to 0.028 mg/l (treated for 8 h) after oxynitriding treatment. Enhanced biocompatibility of the surface treated sample for 8 h was explained by formation of thick and homogenous TiN-TiO2 composite layer. Finally, bioactive behavior of the oxynitrided samples were studied using simulated body fluid. 相似文献
85.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2020,40(8):2791-2800
Acoustic emission (AE) during tensile testing of three-dimensional woven SiC/SiC composites was analyzed by a statistical modeling method based on a Bayesian approach to quantitatively evaluate the fracture process. Gaussian mixture models and Weibull mixture models were utilized as candidate models describing the AE time-series data. After fitting AE time-series data to these models with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, the model selection was conducted by stochastic complexity. Among the candidate models, the two-component Weibull mixture model was automatically selected. It was confirmed that the component distributions in the two-component Weibull mixture model were corresponding to the evolution of matrix cracking and fiber breakage, respectively. Since the proposed AE analysis method can determine the number of component distributions without the decision of researchers and inspectors, it is expected to be useful for an understanding of the fracture process in newly developed materials and the reliability assessment in service. 相似文献
86.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2020,40(4):1728-1737
To investigate the fracture behavior of cement-bonded corundum castables, various cement contents and pre-treating temperatures have been comparatively studied using the wedge splitting method and the digital image correlation technique. The results show that the microstructure enhances the mechanical properties, so the fracture energy and the maximum load as well as the fracture modes are affected correspondingly. The castables demonstrate the highest fracture energy and maximum load at 1600 °C with cement content of 10 wt% due to an appropriate amount of CA6. At the temperatures of 110 and 1100 °C, the crack propagation within the matrix and along the interface are dominated whereas within the aggregates significantly increased at 1600 °C, leading to the brittleness of materials. However, increasing the cement content can reduce their brittleness, caused by the maximum strain in thex-direction, largest length of the main crack, and high ratio of crack propagation in the matrix. 相似文献
87.
利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机研究了低活化马氏体钢在变形温度为850~950 ℃、应变速率为0.001~1 s-1条件下的热变形行为。建立了流变应力本构方程,并评估了该方程的预测能力。绘制了低活化马氏体钢在不同应变下的热加工图。结果表明:在较高的应变速率条件下,该材料主要发生动态回复,在较高变形温度和较低应变速率下具有明显的动态再结晶特征;本构方程的预测结果与实验结果符合良好;变形温度870~930 ℃、应变速率0.001~0.01 s-1和变形温度920~950 ℃、应变速率0.3~1 s-1分别是真应变为0.4和0.6下最优的热加工区域。 相似文献
88.
89.
90.
使用流体力学软件,对使用溢流法的三维120 °~150 °弯曲圆管件进行了水辅助注射成型可视化研究。分别改变水针口径尺寸、注水延迟时间、注水压力与熔体温度,分析其对制件内部水穿透行为的影响。结果表明,水针口直径为7 mm时,能显著增加制件的内部穿透长度并得到残余壁厚更薄的制件;受水针结构影响,注水延迟时间为1 s、注水压力为8 MPa、熔体温度为250 ℃时,水穿透长度最优能增长400 %,壁厚减少20 %;在注水延迟时间为1 s、注水压力为10 MPa、熔体温度为230 ℃时,穿透长度最大达到298 mm;注水延迟时间为1 s、注水压力为8 MPa、熔体温度为250 ℃时,比熔体温度为210 ℃和230 ℃的实验组受水针影响严重;缩短注水延迟时间、增加注水压力、升高熔体温度都能有效增大制件的中空率,成型出更薄的管件,但是水针对水辅助注射成型的影响不容忽视,其微小变化能极大地改变成型制件的内部型腔,有效提高水穿透行为的效率。 相似文献